Annotated Bibliography:
Information Books
For my Canadian annotated bibliography,
I chose to focus on illustrated information books and I have selected books
with Canadian authors and/or illustrators.
I have created sections within the bibliography for those books that
share the same topic. The format of the
bibliography starts with a discussion of the book (text and illustrations-if
applicable), then factors that make the book Canadian and finally end with the suggested
grades the book is appropriate for.
Art
Rhodes, R. (2001). A
first book of Canadian art. (B. Solowan, Design.) Toronto, ON:
Owl Books.
http://www.umanitoba.ca/cm/vol8/no12/canadianart.jpg
A
first book of Canadian art is an overview of the most prominent Canadian
art through the different periods. The
book starts with Aboriginal pictograph art, and then art from the 1800’s to the
present. Rhodes incorporates full colour
examples of paintings, photographs, sculptors and art installations. The book is set in chronological order and
the changes in artistic style can be clearly seen. The author includes art samples for each
artist and each sample is described in detail.
With so many paintings on each page, one would find it difficult to
navigate through the book, but the layout is very easy to follow. There is a paragraph of background
information and the rest of the text on the page are captions, and each caption
has an arrow denoting with painting it describes. The book contained the following text
features: table of contents, headings, page numbers, captions, index and
glossary. This book is written is for an
older audience and is more suitable for those with some understanding of
art. This resource would be better
served as an initial resource for general ideas and to assist in focusing on a
particular topic or subject, rather than a research resource.
This book is somewhat Canadian. I had difficulty researching the nationality
of the author, Richard Rhodes. I assume
he is Canadian because he is an editor of Canadian
Art magazine. Also, the publisher,
Owl Books is Canadian and was based in Toronto.
Plus, the content of the book is Canadian art and Rhodes uses Canadian
spelling in his text.
Grade 7-10
Games and Play
Gryski, C. (1995). Let’s
play: Traditional games of childhood. (D. Petricic, Illus.).
Toronto, ON: Kid Can Press.
http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol2/no7/play.gif
Let’s
Play is an illustrated information book about tradition
children’s games. The games are
categorized into basic games, and within each category, variations of the game
are listed. All the games require
minimal or no equipment, but lots of imagination. Gryski has used simple and easy to understand
language to describe and give instructions to the games. The book contained the following text
features: table of contents, headings, page numbers and diagrams. Let’s
Play has a good balance of text and illustrations. The illustrations further enhance the text
because most illustrations are diagrams to help explain the games. Petricic has used pen and ink with
watercolour for his illustrations. His
drawings are cartoon like and rely heavily on lines for texture, shadow and
movement. The illustrations are filled
with drama and action (seen as lines and blurred colours). The colour palette used in this book is more
subdued in comparison to his other work.
I noticed something that I had not did not see before in Petricic’s
works, he utilized comic conventions, speech and thought bubbles, in his
illustrations.
Both the author and illustrator are
Canadian. Camilla Gryski was born in
Bristol, England, but immigrated to Canada when she was 9. She is a former librarian and teacher. Dusan Petricic, the illustrator, was born in
Belgrade, Serbia, but immigrated to Canada in 1993. The book is published by Kids Can Press, in
Toronto, Ontario. Let’s Play does not contain explicit Canadian content, but it contains Canadian values of
multiculturalism. There is diversity in
the drawings of the children in the book: all different shapes, sizes and colours. Furthermore, the idea of cooperation and
inclusion is heavily emphasizes in the illustrations. All the children are happily playing
together.
Grade 3-6
Health
Kalman, B. (2004). Multicultural
meals. St. Catherines, ON: Crabtree Publishing
Company.
http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol11/no4/multiculturalmeals.jpg
Multicultural
Meals is a cookbook on multicultural meals and features full
colour photographs and some minimal illustrations. The cookbook showcases a wide range of global
cuisines and begins with brief introduction to ethnic foods. Kalman includes safety instructions and cooking
terms, each terming having its own individual illustration depicting the
definition. All recipes start with some
information, an ingredient list, clear step by step instructions and
accompanying photographs (of the process and final product). The photographs are of diverse children
cooking, but found a few children pictured cooking in traditional costume
cultural inauthentic. The book contained
the following text features: table of contents, headings, page numbers, index,
glossary, and a few diagrams.
There are several aspects that make
this book Canadian. Bobbie Kalman, the
author, was born in Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary, but immigrated to Canada in 1956. Crabtree Publishing, the book’s publisher, is
in St. Catherines, Ontario. The cookbook
does not have explicit Canadian content; it does promote the Canadian value of
tolerance and diversity. The photographs
of the people represented in the book are culturally and racially diverse. The reader can observe the children working
together and helping each other to create the meals.
Grade 3-6
Pavanel, J. (2001). The
sex book: An alphabet on smarter love. (G. Cunningham, Illus.).
Montreal, QC: Lobster Press.
http://www.umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol8/no20/thesexbook.jpg
The Sex Book is an informational book
about sex for teenagers. The different
topics related to sex are formatted in an encyclopedia like form. The text boxes contain Q & As about sex
or female/male specific information.
Both the text and illustrations (on every few pages) are in black and green ink. The text is written in a non judgemental tone
and in a matter of fact manner. For definitions
that are relationship related, Pavanel uses the term “2 people”, unless the
term is hetero/homosexual specific. The
book covers sensitive topics such as abuse, rape, and abortion. The illustrations by Cunningham are cartoony
and silly, (even for some diagrams). I
think the purpose of Cunningham’s illustrations is to bring a bit of comic
relief to an otherwise serious subject and helpfully refresh the mood. The illustrations also help break up the text
into more management pieces, but I feel that other illustrations would be more
appropriate and suitable, which would better enrich the text. The book contained the following text
features: headings, page numbers, labels for body diagrams, text boxes,
resource list, and index. The book cover is clever and it is meant to look like
an identifiable book with a brown paper cover and the word ‘sex’ partially
covered. I think it would be a great
resource for students that feel embarrassed to ask their parents or teachers
about sex, but still accessing correct and clear information.
Both the author and illustrator are
Canadian. Jane Pavanel is a children’s
book author and editor from Montreal and is also a former teacher. Grant Cunningham is a self taught artist from
Montreal. The book is printed and bound
in Canada. The publisher, Lobster Press
is from Montreal, but is no longer in operation. The Sex
Book content is not all Canadian; it includes examples and information for
readers in the USA, as well as American measurement units.
Grade 8-12
Nature/Science
Daigle, E. (2004). As
long as there are whales. (D. Grenier, Illus., G. Wright, Trans.).
Toronto, ON: Tundra Books.
http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol10/no17/aslongastherearewhales.jpg
As
long as there are Whales is an information book originally
published in French. It examines the whales found in the St. Lawrence
River. The book explores the whale
habitat, whale biology, whale behaviours, different whale species, history of
whaling, study of whales and whale conservation. The book has included a page comparing all the
different whale species, with a legend and a picture of a human being, which
gives a greater understanding of proportion and the actual size of the
whales. The realistic acrylic
illustrations by Grenier bring the whales to life. He mutes the colours of the whales to depict
them swimming in the water. The cover
art is a beautiful illustration of beluga whales tinted by the sea green water
and sparkling with underwater light reflections. Grenier is able to convey movement and action
with dramatic poses and splashes of water.
The book contained the following text features: table of
contents, headings, page numbers, captions, labels for body diagrams, text
boxes, resource list, index, and measurement conversion table. There are 2 types of informational text boxes
found in the book (they are differentiated by colour). One describes the species of whale in the
illustration and the other provides interesting facts. The text is easy to read and the information
readily accessible. There are some
instances where the text sits on top a dark coloured illustration, which makes
readable difficult.
The author, Evelyne Daigle, is a
francophone biologist from Montreal and the illustrator, Daniel Grenier, is a
self-taught artist also from Montreal.
The book was translated by Genevieve Wright, a translator and
interpreter from Canmore, Alberta. The
publisher is Canadian publisher, Tundra Books, based in Toronto. Since the content of the book is Canadian
(Canadian place, animals, measurements), I think this book is very much
Canadian, except for the fact that the spelling used is American.
Grade 5-8
Godkin, C. (2006). Fire!:
The renewal of a forest. Markham, ON: Fitzhenry &
Whiteside.
http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol13/no5/fire.jpg
Fire!
by Celia Godkin calls itself a ‘information storybook’. It is an illustrated narrative depicting the
renewal process of a forest by fire. The
story is written in free verse with short descriptive sentences. Godkin uses realistic coloured paintings of
various perspectives to illustrate her book.
In one picture, there is an interesting perspective in the field where
you look up into the sky and it creates the feeling where the reader has shrunk
to the size of the insects. Her
effective use of colour sets the mood of each painting. In the scene where the animals are racing to
escape the fire, the shades of brown, black, yellow, red and orange, bring out emotions
of urgency and chaos. The pages are
formatted to have an illustration on one side and the text is located on the
other side of the page, where it does not detract from the illustration. In a circle under the text, Godkin has
identified particular flora and fauna found in the area. The book does not contain any text features
found in typical information books. Instead
of a glossary, in the last 4 pages there is a 2 paged diagram of an aerial view
of a fire and another 2 paged diagram of the wildlife that return after a fire
with labels and information.
Celia Godkin is a Canadian author/illustrator,
born in London, England and now resides in Frankville, Ontario. The publisher, Fitzhenry & Whiteside is
based in Markham, Ontario. There are no
explicit Canadian details in the book, but it portrays wonderful landscapes and
natural wildlife which are prominent Canadian themes.
Grade 2-4
Reid, B. (2011). Picture
a tree. Toronto, ON: North Winds Press.
http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol18/no10/pictureatree.jpg
Picture
a Tree is a narrative poetry book that is also an information
book. Reid describes all the wonderful
things trees can be. The narrative
progresses through all seasons, depicting, the cycles found in nature, of
birth, death and rebirth. The reader
follows along the seasonal transition of a deciduous tree. The book starts with winter when all the
trees are bare, and then the trees are full of green leaves in the spring and
summer, after the leaves turn vivid red, orange and yellow, and finally, its
return to winter with snow on the branches.
Reid’s plasticine illustrations have a wonderful texture, depth and
colour that is unique to the medium. The
simple scratching and etching can create a chain linked fence, individual
blades of grass, and the bumpy ridges on a tree trunk. The colours of the plasticine are vibrant and
bright. The perfect mixing of blue and
white create wispy white clouds in a blue sky.
Reid artifully blends colours and intricately add texture to create a
rainy day scene with the realistic effect of wet pavement on the road. This book’s format is more similar to an
illustrated picture book than an information book. It does not have the typical text features of
an information book, but it does communicate some nonfictional information;
therefore it is a hybrid form of both.
This book is Canadian because the
author/illustrator, Barbara Reid, was born in Toronto and continues to live
there. The publisher, North Winds Press,
an imprint of Scholastic Canada, is based in Toronto, Ontario. In addition, the book is printed in
Canada. The content of the Picture a Tree is implicitly
Canadian. The people illustrated in the
book are culturally and ethnically diverse.
Furthermore, the book pictures a typical Canadian year through the year
(on the east coast), adding to its Canadianess.
Kindergarten-Grade 1
Slavin, B. and Slavin, J. (2005). Transformed: How everyday things are made. (B.
Slavin, Illus.). Toronto, ON: Kids Can
Press.
http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol12/no4/transformed.jpg
Transformed
is an information book about how objects are made. The items are categorized by functions: fun
and games, household items, food, clothing and construction materials. Each object has some background information,
cutaways of the object and a step by step manufacturing process. The process is numbered and explained in
clear, concise and descriptive sentences.
There are some text boxes at the side that have additional interesting
information. The book contained the
following text features: table of contents, headings, page numbers, captions,
labels for diagrams, text boxes, resource list, index, and glossary. Slavin’s illustrations are detailed and
humourous. His pictures show little tiny
people assisting in the manufacturing process and sometimes participating in
amusing antics. The factory machines
illustrations are drawn with great details that mimic the true manufacturing process. The illustrations and text are crucial in
making this book such a wonderful resource on how thing are made. Together, they both enhance the each other
and provide a deeper understanding.
Canadian author/illustrator Bill Slavin
was born in Belleville, Ontario and now lives in Millbrook, Ontario. I was unable to locate information on Jim
Slavin and I can only assume that he is a relative of Bill. The publisher, Canadian Kids Can Press is
based in Toronto, Ontario. American
spelling is used throughout the book.
There is no explicit Canadian content in the book, but Bill does
illustrate the multicultural people in the factory, which is a strong Canadian
theme.
Grade 4-8
Suzuki, D. and Vanderlinden, K. (2010). You are the earth. (W. Edwards, Illus.).
Vancouver, BC: Greystone Books.
http://www.changingworld.com/catalog/images/2--YO.jpg
You
are the Earth is an illustrated information book about the earth, human
biology, animal diversity and the human impact on the earth. The overall tone of the book is urgent
message of conservation. The authors
include many examples of pollution, loss of diversity, negative effects on the
environment and inefficient use of resources.
Although the text was easy to read, the concepts discussed and its
format is more suitable to older students than the suggested age group by the
publisher (Grade 4-6). Also, on pages
with suggested experiments to try, I would have appreciated some diagrams or
illustrations on how the experiment was performed. The book included the following text
features: table of contents, headings, page numbers, diagrams, index, and
glossary, but lacked captions for the illustrations. Additional features found in the book are to-do
list to be greener at home and discussion questions with answers for classroom
use. I found the book read more like a
textbook. The illustrations made it more
visually appealing but did not enrich or enhance the text.
You
are the Earth is co-written by 2 Canadian authors. David Suzuki is a well known scientist,
environmental activist, author, and TV personality. He was born in and still lives in Vancouver,
British Columbia. He was a professor of
genetic at UBC for almost 40 years. His
co-author Kathy Vanderlinden is an editor and writer, who currently lives in
Victoria, British Columbia. The
illustrator, Wallace Edwards was born in Ottawa and now divides his time
between Yarker, Ontario and Toronto, Ontario.
The book is Canadian in context, as it uses Canadian spelling and metric
units. The large emphasis on
conservation, which I believe is Canadian value, specifically on the west
coast. Furthermore, the Canadian
publisher, Greystone Books, is based out of Vancouver British Columbia. .
Grade 6-8
Swanson, D. (1994). Safari
beneath the sea: The wonder world of the north pacific coast.
(Royal British Columbia Museum, Photo.).
Vancouver, BC: Whitecap Books.
http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51DD8AVEVML._SL500_AA300_.jpg
In Safari beneath the Sea, Swanson
describes the underwater ecosystem along the Pacific Northwest coast: the
environment, the plants and the animals.
The book has really beautiful full colour close up photographs of the
different animals, but the text and photograph layout is very dated. There is a singular large photograph on each
page and text on the opposite page, alternating back and forth. The interesting facts are located at the end
of each chapter, while the supplementary information is found at the side in
the text boxes. I think that the
interesting facts would have greater effect if interspersed through the text
and not just at the end of the chapter. The
text information is understandable and readable, but the boring layout detracts
from the engagement. The book contained
the following text features: table of contents, headings, index, page numbers, captions
and text boxes. There are some difficult
terms in the text and I think a glossary would be beneficial for readers. Although Safari
beneath the Sea is an older book, it is still a great informational
resource, but the layout might deter students from using it.
The book is printed and bound in
Canada, and Whitecap Books, the publisher, is based both in Vancouver, British
Columbia and Toronto, Ontario. Diane
Swanson, the author, grew up in Lethbridge, AB and lives in Victoria, British
Columbia. The content of the book is
entirely Canadian in nature. The
animals, plants and places are located in British Columbia. The spelling is Canadian and the Swanson uses
metric units. Plus all the photographs
are Canadian based, sourced from the Royal British Columbia Museum.
Grade 4-6
Thomas, K. (2010). Animals
that changed the world. Toronto, ON: Annick Press.
http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol17/no15/animalsthatchangedtheworld.jpg
Keltie Thomas’ Animals that changed the world is an information book about animals
that have affected humans, personally, presently or historically. The subjects in the book start from domesticated
animals, to pets, to animals with historical human impact, to work animals, to
disease carriers, to microbes and finally end with dinosaurs. The information present is very interesting
and well written. The subject
transitions are logical and organized.
The text is highly readable and easy to understand. The book contained the following text
features: table of contents, headings, index, resource/further reading list,
page numbers, maps/diagrams, captions, and text boxes. Animals
that changed the world is filled with colour photographs and colour
backgrounds on each page. Although the
text is overlaid onto on a colour background and/or photographs, the designer has
as either changed the text colour to a contrasting colour or background is
neutral as not to distract from the text.
The photo proportions were a good mix of large and small sizes. I personally found the layout of the book
cluttered with numerous photographs to look at each page, but I think students
will find that very engaging. The author
has included some engaging features: “fact track” for interesting facts, “mug
shot” for the background information for each animal discussed, and “speak of
the beast” for animal related idioms or phrases. The language arts element was a nice unexpected
addition in this science book. In the
appendix portion, Thomas has an animal timeline with various animal footprints
that follow the history of animals from the first animals on land to the
present day.
Keltie Thomas, the author, was born in
Halifax, Nova Scotia, but now resides in Toronto, Ontario. She was a former editor of OWL Magazine, a
Canadian children’s magazine. The book
publisher, Annick Press is located in Toronto, Ontario and Vancouver, British
Columbia. Although there is no direct
Canadian content in the book, Thomas has metric measurements (with imperial
measurements in parenthesis), and includes Canadian animals, the beaver and the
cod.
Grade 3-6
Vernon, C. (2011). Nowhere
else on earth: Standing tall for the Great Bear Rainforest.
Victoria, BC: Orca Book Publishers.
http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol18/no11/nowhereelseonearth.jpg
Nowhere
Else on Earth is a typical information book about the Pacific Northwest,
particularly the coastal BC ecosystem.
The book discusses of the numerous flora and fauna of the area, the
human impact on the ecosystem, and environmental conservation. The book is marvelously done, with full
colour photographs. The writing was
concise, descriptive and highly coherent.
The layout and design is logical and organized. The text moves down the page in linear
sequence. The headings and subheading
are clearly labeled. There is a good
balance of text and photographs. The
text boxes and photographs on the pages are placed effectively as to separate
the text and make the pages less text heavy.
Furthermore, the photographs and text boxes have rounded corners, giving
the book a more softer and organic feel.
Vernon included some special text box additions that enriched the book:
“Eco-story” where the author would tell childhood anecdotes, interesting facts
in “Did you know?”, “Take action!” for activity suggestions and “Voices from
the coast” with Aboriginal stories and perspectives. The book contained the following text
features: table of contents, headings, index, glossary, resource list, page
numbers, maps/diagrams, captions, and text boxes. Glossary words were bolded within the text,
making identifying and locating the vocabulary word easy. The book was highly readable, beautiful to
look at, very informative and engaging.
The author, Caitlyn Vernon grew up in
British Columbia and now lives in Victoria, Columbia. She is an environmental activist at Sierra
Club British Columbia. The content in
the book is entirely Canadian, as it is written about the Great Bear Rainforest
located in coastal British Columbia.
Also, there is a large First Nation’s focus in the book. The large emphasis on conservation is another
Canadian value, specifically on the west coast, that is present in Vernon’s
writing. Canadian publisher, Orca Book
Publishing based in Victoria, British Columbia published this book. Furthermore, the book is printed in Canada.
Grades 5-9
Wilson, J. (2003). Dancing
elephants and floating continents: The story of Canada
beneath
your feet. (J. Steiner, Design.). Toronto, ON: Key Porter Kids.
http://www.umanitoba.ca/cm/vol10/no14/dancingelephantsandfloatingcontinents.jpg
Dancing
Elephants and Floating Continents is an information book about Canadian
geology and geological phenomena. I
found the title very clever because the term “dancing elephants” are the trucks
used in geological research that pound the ground like elephants and “floating
continents” describes the theory of plate tectonics, a important theory in
geology. Wilson presents geological
concepts concisely and clearly to his readers.
The analogy of history of the earth and a school day made the concept of
time relatable to students. The addition
of hands-on activities that demonstrate the concepts increase engagement. The book included the following text
features: table of contents, headings, page numbers, maps/diagrams, captions,
index and resource list, but lacked a glossary.
The text is easy to read and the combination of various full colour
maps, diagrams, illustrations and photographs are esthetically pleasing.
There are several aspects that make
this book ‘Canadian’. John Wilson, the
author, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, immigrated to Canada in 1977 and now
lives in Lantzville, British Columbia.
The subject is from a Canadian perspective, giving Canadian examples and
mentioning Canadian places and history. The publisher, Key Porter Kids was based in
Toronto, Ontario, but went out of business in early January 2011.
Grade 5-7
Socials
Smith, D. J. (2002). If
the world were a village: A book about the world’s people. (S.
Armstrong, Illus.). Toronto, ON: Kids
Can Press.
http://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol17/no41/iftheworldwereavillagesecondedition.jpg
The premise of If the World were a Village imagines the world population as a
village of 100 people. Smith presents a
perspective of the world through proportions of 100 people through various
social, cultural, economic and religious attributes, and includes a portion on population
growth. The book provides a greater
understanding of the global situation and the social injustices found in our
world. As the narrative progress from
morning to night, the author transitions between the different attributes. The tone of book is positive, as it does not
point fingers at the reader, but encourages the reader to consider the
information and suggest their own reasons for the discrepancies found through
the world. Armstrong’s illustrations
enhance the text by providing brightly colour full paged oil paintings that
strengthen Smith’s ideas. The bold
colours and dark outlines distinct symbolizing the distinct differences between
the people. The pictures are filled with
diverse people participating in different activities, creating a feeling of being
in a crowded area but still enjoying each other’s company. Armstrong includes pictures from various
perspectives, overviews, close-ups and aerial views showing the interactions
between the people. There is an overall
feeling of unity and peace through the illustrations, depicted by an image of a
white bird, a dove, with a green branch in its mouth found on several of the
pages. The informational text is shown
at the side of the page in a lightly colour background or within area of muted
illustrations (i.e. the colour in the background is drastically lightened),
which increases the readability of the text.
The book has some information book text features, such as, table of
contents, headings, page numbers (some a difficult to see), and a list of resources.
David Smith was born in Boston,
Massachusetts and moved to BC in 2009.
He now lives in North Vancouver, BC.
Being a former teacher, Smith has included activities and discussion
topics for teaching the ‘global village’ in the classroom. The illustrator, Shelagh Armstrong was born
in Owen Sound, Ontario and currently resides in Toronto, Ontario. Kids Can Press, a Canadian publisher, is in
Toronto, Ontario. American spelling is
used in the text, granted that Smith was still living in the USA when this book
was published. Although the topic of the
book is not Canadian, the themes of peace and diversity found in this book
exemplify Canadian values and ideals.
Grade 4-5
Interdisciplinary
Ulmer, M. (2001). M is
for maple: A Canadian alphabet. (M. Rose, Illus.). Chelsea, MI:
Sleeping Bear Press.
http://www.umanitoba.ca/cm/vol8/no12/misformaple.jpg
M
is for Maple is an illustrated alphabet book that is both poetry and
information book. Ulmer weaves a poem
through the book, with 2 verses of rhyming couplet for each letter. Each page or double page contains 1 letter,
starting from the letter A with Anne of Green Gables and ends with the letter Z
in zipper. On the outside edges of each page, there
is a colour blocked area which contains information on the chosen word and how
it pertains to Canada, and other ‘Canadian’ words that start with the same
letter. This separation gives a
distinction between the poetry and information.
The book progresses through many various subjects from Sciences to
History, making it a multidisciplinary resource. Rose uses vibrant and colorful oil paintings
to illustrate the book. She effectively
uses different colour tones with light and shadow to express mood, tone and
drama. For example the illustration of
Terry Fox is contains hues of purples and grays convey the cold, isolation and
seriousness of Terry running at night on a dark highway. The illustrations bleed into the pages
inviting the reader to join the celebration of things Canadian. Although the book does not have the text
features found in typical information books it contains little pockets of
interesting Canadian facts.
Mike Ulmer was born in Sarnia, Ontario
and lives in Hamilton, Ontario. Melanie
Rose was born in England, but immigrated to Canada when she was a child and
currently lives in Mississauga, Ontario.
Sleeping Bear Press is an American publisher based in Chelsea,
Michigan. Although they are an American
publisher, they publish many other ‘Canadian’ books. M is for Maple is an entirely Canadian
children’s book. The choices of words
for the alphabet are Canadian based, such as, places, people, history, values (diversity,
politeness, justice/honour), bilingualism, First Nations, geography, inventions/discoveries. Finally the text is written using Canadian
spelling.
Grade 3-6
